{"id":"in-jharkhand","country":"in","kind":"state","name":{"en":"Jharkhand","local":"झारखंड"},"languages":["hi","sat","en"],"currency":"INR","symbol":"₹","fxPerUsd":94,"cities":{"T1":"Ranchi","T2":"Dhanbad","T3":"Dumka"},"basket":{"teaCup":10,"simpleMeal":80,"haircutMen":70,"milkLitre":58,"breadLoaf":40,"unskilledDayWage":480,"minWageMonthly":13385,"shopRentSqftMonth":{"T1":80,"T2":50,"T3":18},"electricityCommercialKwh":7.7,"lpgCommercialCylinder":3004.5,"petrolLitre":106.19},"tax":{"salesTax":"GST 5/18% (national)","smallBizThreshold":"₹40 lakh goods / ₹20 lakh services (national)","localLevies":"Professional tax up to ₹2,500/yr (annual slabs); municipal trade licence by trade"},"licences":[{"name":"Shops & Establishments registration (Jharkhand Shops and Establishments Act)","fee":"Slab by employees, about ₹240 for up to 10 workers (older schedule)","authority":"Labour Department (Shramadhan portal)","source":"https://www.godigit.com/property-act/shops-and-establishments-registration-in-jharkhand"},{"name":"Trade licence, Ranchi Municipal Corporation","fee":"By trade type; no 2026 schedule published (est. ₹500–3,000/yr)","authority":"Ranchi Municipal Corporation","source":"https://www.registerkaro.in/trade-license-in-ranchi"}],"festivals":[{"name":"Chhath Puja","dates2026_27":"13–16 Nov 2026","effect":"Fruit, sugarcane, ghee and puja-goods peak in Ranchi, Dhanbad, Jamshedpur; shops shut on arghya days"},{"name":"Sohrai / Diwali","dates2026_27":"8 Nov 2026","effect":"Tribal harvest-cattle festival alongside Diwali; sweets, clothing, utensils"},{"name":"Tusu Parab / Makar Sankranti","dates2026_27":"14–15 Jan 2027","effect":"Fairs and pitha/sweets demand in Kolhan and Dhanbad belts"},{"name":"Sarhul","dates2026_27":"about 9 Apr 2027 (Chaitra Shukla Tritiya)","effect":"State holiday; big Ranchi processions; markets shut part of day"},{"name":"Shravani Mela, Deoghar","dates2026_27":"Jul–Aug 2027 (Shravan month)","effect":"Millions of kanwariyas at Baidyanath Dham; food/water stall boom; traffic diversions"},{"name":"Karma Puja","dates2026_27":"Sep 2027","effect":"Tribal festival; rural demand for clothes and sweets"}],"seasons":[{"months":"Apr–Jun","what":"Hot (Dhanbad/Daltonganj 44°C+); Ranchi plateau milder"},{"months":"Jun–Sep","what":"Monsoon with frequent lightning; rural roads cut; power cuts"},{"months":"Nov–Feb","what":"Pleasant winter; peak trade with festival and wedding season"}],"payments":{"digitalShare":"about 45–60% in Ranchi/Jamshedpur; 25–40% in T3 and tribal districts","credit":"udhaar common; settled on mine/plant pay days and after harvest"},"notes":"Jharkhand pays more than its neighbours by law — a Zone A shop worker's floor is ₹13,385 a month, above West Bengal and Bihar — and the state splits wages into three zones (cities, other towns, rural). Its economy runs on coal, steel and mining towns (Dhanbad, Bokaro, Jamshedpur), so many shops follow plant and colliery pay cycles. Power is moderately priced (₹7.30/unit urban commercial plus 6% duty, with a high ₹200/kW fixed charge), petrol is cheaper than in Bihar or Bengal, and LPG is about ₹3,000. Tribal land laws (CNT/SPT Acts) restrict buying land in much of the state, so most shops rent. The calendar mixes Hindu (Chhath, Diwali), tribal (Sarhul, Karma, Sohrai, Tusu) and pilgrim (Shravani Mela at Deoghar) peaks.","factors":[{"id":"P01","cat":"Wages","name":"Minimum wage, unskilled, Zone A (Ranchi, Dhanbad, Jamshedpur etc.)","value":"₹515/day, ₹13,385/month incl. 10% VDA (from 1 Apr 2026; notification 25 May 2026)","role":"HV","source":"https://hrengage.ai/compliance/minimum-wages/jharkhand","estimate":false},{"id":"P02","cat":"Wages","name":"Minimum wage, unskilled, Zone B / Zone C","value":"₹12,756 (Zone B other towns) / ₹12,155 (Zone C rural) per month","role":"HV","source":"https://hrengage.ai/compliance/minimum-wages/jharkhand","estimate":false},{"id":"P03","cat":"Wages","name":"Minimum wage, skilled, Zone A","value":"₹712/day, ₹18,504/month; semi-skilled ₹14,043","role":"HV","source":"https://hrengage.ai/compliance/minimum-wages/jharkhand","estimate":false},{"id":"P04","cat":"Wages","name":"Typical informal shop helper pay (T2)","value":"₹8,000–11,000/month (Dhanbad); ₹6,000–8,000 (Dumka)","role":"HV","source":"Est.: informal helpers commonly paid at or below the state floor; based on the state unskilled minimum and the national informal-helper presets in the BizGame shared constants (T2 ₹9–13k)","estimate":true},{"id":"P05","cat":"Rent","name":"Small shop rent, T1 (Ranchi)","value":"₹80/sq ft/month","role":"HV","source":"Est.: no 2026 high-street rent survey found for this city; reasoned from the BizGame national presets (T1 ₹80–150, T2 ₹35–70, T3 ₹15–30 per sq ft/month) and the city's size and land scarcity","estimate":true},{"id":"P06","cat":"Rent","name":"Small shop rent, T2 (Dhanbad)","value":"₹50/sq ft/month","role":"HV","source":"Est.: no 2026 high-street rent survey found for this city; reasoned from the BizGame national presets (T1 ₹80–150, T2 ₹35–70, T3 ₹15–30 per sq ft/month) and the city's size and land scarcity","estimate":true},{"id":"P07","cat":"Rent","name":"Small shop rent, T3 (Dumka)","value":"₹18/sq ft/month","role":"HV","source":"Est.: no 2026 high-street rent survey found for this city; reasoned from the BizGame national presets (T1 ₹80–150, T2 ₹35–70, T3 ₹15–30 per sq ft/month) and the city's size and land scarcity","estimate":true},{"id":"P08","cat":"Energy","name":"Commercial electricity, small shop (~200 units/month)","value":"₹7.30/unit (CS urban) / ₹6.70 (CS rural) + 6% duty ≈ ₹7.7/unit; fixed ₹200/kW/month urban, ₹120 rural (JSERC FY 2026-27)","role":"HV","source":"https://thediscombill.com/tariffs/jharkhand/","estimate":false},{"id":"P09","cat":"Energy","name":"Commercial LPG 19 kg cylinder","value":"₹3,004.5 (25 Oct 2026; national Delhi reference ₹2,810)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.goodreturns.in/lpg-price.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P10","cat":"Energy","name":"Domestic LPG 14.2 kg (illegal for commercial use)","value":"₹999.50","role":"HV","source":"https://www.goodreturns.in/lpg-price.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P11","cat":"Energy","name":"Petrol, per litre","value":"₹106.19 (25 Oct 2026)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.goodreturns.in/petrol-price.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P12","cat":"Tax","name":"Professional tax","value":"Annual slabs, capped at ₹2,500/yr; quarterly payment; over-65s exempt","role":"HV","source":"https://calcguru.in/professional-tax-india-state-wise-guide-fy-2026-27/","estimate":false},{"id":"P13","cat":"Tax","name":"GST registration threshold / composition","value":"National thresholds apply (₹40 lakh goods / ₹20 lakh services); composition up to ₹1.5 crore","role":"PD","source":"https://cleartax.in/s/special-category-states-in-gst","estimate":false},{"id":"P14","cat":"Prices","name":"Cup of tea, roadside (T2)","value":"₹10","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Dhanbad roadside tea ₹10; national chai notes put a tapri cup at ₹10–15 with milk ~55% of cost; set from the state milk price and wage level","estimate":true},{"id":"P15","cat":"Prices","name":"Simple veg meal / thali (T2)","value":"₹80","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Dhanbad veg thali ₹70–90; scaled from the national street-food meal band (₹60–120) by state wage and rent level","estimate":true},{"id":"P16","cat":"Prices","name":"Men's haircut, basic salon (T2)","value":"₹70","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Dhanbad ₹60–80; scaled from the national salon notes (basic men's cut ₹80–150 urban, ₹50–80 T3)","estimate":true},{"id":"P17","cat":"Prices","name":"Packet milk, per litre (toned/standard)","value":"≈₹58/L toned (Medha/Sudha range after May 2026 ₹2 hike)","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Medha (Jharkhand dairy) follows Sudha/Amul; Sudha raised ₹2/L in May 2026 (Shakti ₹59) — https://patnapress.com/sudha-milk-price-hike-bihar-rs-2-per-litre-dairy-cost-increase/","estimate":true},{"id":"P18","cat":"Prices","name":"Bread loaf, 400 g (T2)","value":"₹40","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Dhanbad ₹40; national branded 400 g loaf ₹40–50 plus freight to the state","estimate":true},{"id":"P19","cat":"Wages","name":"Casual unskilled day wage, open market (T2)","value":"₹480/day","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Dhanbad casual labour ₹480/day; open-market casual rates run at or slightly above the notified unskilled floor in towns (MGNREGA and construction rates as lower/upper anchors)","estimate":true},{"id":"P20","cat":"Demographics","name":"Per-capita income (GSDP per capita, current prices)","value":"₹1,38,271 (2025–26); about 55% of national","role":"HV","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita","estimate":false},{"id":"P21","cat":"Demographics","name":"Urbanisation (Census 2011; Census 2027 pending)","value":"24.1% urban","role":"HV","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_urban_population","estimate":false},{"id":"P22","cat":"Language","name":"Business languages","value":"Hindi (official); Santali, Mundari, Ho, Kurukh, Khortha, Nagpuri, Bengali, Urdu as second official languages","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Jharkhand second-official-language notifications (2011, 2018); Census 2011 language data","estimate":true},{"id":"P23","cat":"Payments","name":"Digital (UPI) share of small-shop takings","value":"about 45–60% in Ranchi/Jamshedpur; 25–40% in T3 and tribal districts","role":"HV","source":"Est.: national UPI is 86.8% of retail payment volume (Q1 FY27, CareEdge) but street/kirana merchant shares are far lower; scaled down for this state's income and urbanisation — https://www.outlookbusiness.com/amp/story/news/upi-emerges-as-dominant-retail-payment-system-with-transaction-volume-share-at-87-careedge","estimate":true},{"id":"P24","cat":"Payments","name":"Credit culture","value":"udhaar common; settled on mine/plant pay days and after harvest","role":"HV","source":"Est.: kirana/udhaar pattern from BizGame kirana notes, adjusted for state income level","estimate":true},{"id":"P25","cat":"Currency","name":"INR per USD","value":"₹95.7 (RBI reference, Sep 2026)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.wisemonk.io/blogs/indias-minimum-wage-guide-in-usd","estimate":false},{"id":"P26","cat":"Licences","name":"Shops Act registration fee","value":"Slab by employees: ~₹240 up to 10 workers, up to ₹6,000 for 101+ (older schedule; 2026 confirmation missing)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.godigit.com/property-act/shops-and-establishments-registration-in-jharkhand","estimate":false},{"id":"P27","cat":"Licences","name":"Ranchi trade licence","value":"Issued by RMC after inspection; fee by trade, not published (est. ₹500–3,000/yr)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.registerkaro.in/trade-license-in-ranchi","estimate":true},{"id":"P28","cat":"Rules","name":"Tribal land restrictions (CNT Act 1908 / SPT Act 1949)","value":"Tribal land cannot be sold to non-tribals in scheduled areas; shop premises usually rented","role":"HV","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Tenancy_Act,_1908","estimate":false},{"id":"P29","cat":"Rules","name":"Local hiring quota","value":"Jharkhand State Employment of Local Candidates in Private Sector Act 2021: 75% local hiring for jobs up to ₹40,000/month in establishments with 10+ staff","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Act passed 2021; status and enforcement in 2026 not re-verified","estimate":true},{"id":"P30","cat":"Rules","name":"Wage zones","value":"Three wage zones (A cities, B other ULBs, C rural): moving a shop from Dhanbad to a village lowers the legal floor ~9%","role":"PD","source":"https://hrengage.ai/compliance/minimum-wages/jharkhand","estimate":false},{"id":"P31","cat":"Schemes","name":"Mukhyamantri Maiyan Samman Yojana","value":"Monthly cash to women 18–50 (₹2,500/month from Dec 2024) — supports household spending in T2/T3","role":"HV","source":"Est.: amount as announced Nov–Dec 2024; 2026 payment status not re-verified","estimate":true},{"id":"P32","cat":"Festivals","name":"Shravani Mela, Deoghar","value":"Jul–Aug 2027; lakhs of pilgrims daily at Baidyanath Dham; temporary stalls earn a large share of annual income; traffic diversions","role":"HV","source":"Est.: annual Shravan month pilgrimage; scale from state tourism reports","estimate":true},{"id":"P33","cat":"Festivals","name":"Sarhul and Karma","value":"Sarhul ~9 Apr 2027 and Karma ~Sep 2027: state holidays, processions, rural clothing/sweets demand","role":"HV","source":"Est.: dates follow the lunar calendar (Chaitra Shukla Tritiya; Bhadra Ekadashi)","estimate":true},{"id":"P34","cat":"Festivals","name":"Chhath Puja","value":"13–16 Nov 2026: fruit and puja goods peak","role":"HV","source":"https://bankbazaar.com/indian-holiday/chhath-puja-holiday.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P35","cat":"Climate","name":"Lightning season","value":"Jun–Sep: Jharkhand has among the highest lightning deaths in India; afternoon closures in rural markets","role":"RE","source":"Est.: NCRB/ Climate Resilient Observing Systems lightning reports rank Jharkhand in the top five states","estimate":true},{"id":"P36","cat":"Risk","name":"Bandh calls","value":"Tribal, political or Maoist-linked bandhs close markets for a day several times a year (fewer than a decade ago)","role":"RE","source":"Est.: frequency reasoned from press coverage 2023–25","estimate":true},{"id":"P37","cat":"Risk","name":"Power cuts","value":"JBVNL rural and T3 supply cuts in summer and monsoon; diesel generator cost for cold storage","role":"RE","source":"Est.: distribution reliability below national average in rural Jharkhand","estimate":true},{"id":"P38","cat":"Risk","name":"Plant/colliery pay cycle","value":"Demand swings with steel plant and coal company pay dates; strikes or layoffs cut local sales","role":"RE","source":"Est.: Dhanbad/Bokaro/Jamshedpur economies tied to BCCL, SAIL, Tata Steel","estimate":true}]}