{"id":"in-jammu-kashmir","country":"in","kind":"ut","name":{"en":"Jammu & Kashmir","local":"جموں و کشمیر / जम्मू और कश्मीर"},"languages":["ks","doi","ur","hi","en"],"currency":"INR","symbol":"₹","fxPerUsd":94,"cities":{"T1":"Srinagar","T2":"Jammu","T3":"Baramulla"},"basket":{"teaCup":15,"simpleMeal":120,"haircutMen":100,"milkLitre":60,"breadLoaf":55,"unskilledDayWage":600,"minWageMonthly":8086,"shopRentSqftMonth":{"T1":120,"T2":70,"T3":30},"electricityCommercialKwh":5.7,"lpgCommercialCylinder":2951.5,"petrolLitre":104.13},"tax":{"salesTax":"GST 5/18% (national)","smallBizThreshold":"₹40 lakh goods / ₹20 lakh services (verify)","localLevies":"No professional tax collected (Est.); municipal trade licence"},"licences":[{"name":"Registration under J&K Shops & Establishments Act 1966","fee":"nominal by headcount (Est.)","authority":"Labour & Employment Department, J&K","source":"Est.: fees not verified"},{"name":"Municipal trade licence (SMC / JMC)","fee":"by trade and area (Est.)","authority":"Srinagar / Jammu Municipal Corporation","source":"Est.: bye-laws vary"}],"festivals":[{"name":"Diwali (Dhanteras 6 Nov, Lakshmi Puja 8 Nov, Bhai Dooj 11 Nov)","dates2026_27":"6–11 Nov 2026","effect":"sweets, gifts, clothing, salon and kirana demand 1.5–3× in the run-up; most small shops shut or half-day on Diwali itself"},{"name":"Herath (Mahashivratri)","dates2026_27":"6 Mar 2027","effect":"walnuts, fish and puja items for Kashmiri Pandits"},{"name":"Eid ul-Fitr","dates2026_27":"about 9–10 Mar 2027","effect":"Ramzan night markets; bakery, meat, clothing peak"},{"name":"Navroz","dates2026_27":"21 Mar 2027","effect":"spring festival; tourism opens with tulips"},{"name":"Eid ul-Adha","dates2026_27":"about 16–17 May 2027","effect":"livestock and meat trade peak"},{"name":"Amarnath Yatra","dates2026_27":"about Jul–Aug 2027","effect":"pilgrim surge; security restrictions on highway"}],"seasons":[{"months":"Mar–Jul","what":"Main Kashmir tourist season (tulips, summer)"},{"months":"Dec–Feb","what":"Chillai Kalan cold, snow tourism in Gulmarg, power cuts, NH-44 closures"},{"months":"Jul–Sep","what":"Monsoon floods in Jammu region"}],"payments":{"digitalShare":"cities 50–65%, towns 30–45% (Est.)","credit":"udhaar strong; traders extend credit through winter"},"notes":"J&K's legal wage floor (₹8,086/month, unchanged since 2022) is far below what shops actually pay, because labour is seasonal and many workers leave for winter. Power is cheap (JERC: ₹3.75/₹5.70 per unit for small commercial from Sept 2026) but cut in winter. Business swings on security and tourism: the April 2025 Pahalgam attack closed ~50 tourist sites before a 2026 rebound, and hartals, internet suspensions and NH-44 closures are recurring shocks that also break UPI. The calendar is Islamic in Kashmir and Hindu/Dogra in Jammu. Mission YUVA (₹1,826 crore lent by Sept 2026) is the main state finance route.","factors":[{"id":"P01","cat":"Wages","name":"Minimum wage, unskilled (J&K UT)","value":"₹8,086/month (≈₹311/day); semi-skilled ₹10,400, skilled ₹12,558, highly skilled ₹14,352 (from 17 Oct 2022; govt reportedly keeping rates until Oct 2027)","role":"HV","source":"https://employsome.com/hire/india/minimum-wage-india/","estimate":false},{"id":"P02","cat":"Wages","name":"Typical shop helper pay","value":"Srinagar ₹10,000–14,000; Jammu ₹9,000–12,000; towns ₹7,000–10,000; non-local labour (Bihar/UP) leaves in winter","role":"HV","source":"Est.: market pay above the stale floor; seasonal migrant labour","estimate":true},{"id":"P03","cat":"Wages","name":"Casual daily labour rate (T2)","value":"₹600/day","role":"HV","source":"Est.: RBI Handbook shows J&K among the higher rural non-farm wages (~₹550+/day, 2023–24) plus drift","estimate":true},{"id":"P04","cat":"Rent","name":"Shop rent by tier","value":"T1 Srinagar (Lal Chowk/Residency Rd) ₹120; T2 Jammu ₹70; T3 Baramulla ₹30 per sq ft/month","role":"HV","source":"Est.: no rent data; national presets adjusted; Lal Chowk prime higher","estimate":true},{"id":"P05","cat":"Energy","name":"Commercial electricity (JERC order 6 of 2026, from 1 Sep 2026)","value":"Single-phase non-domestic ₹3.75/unit up to 200 units, ₹5.70 above, fixed ₹75/kW/month; three-phase commercial ₹6.15/kVAh; average hike 6.83%","role":"HV","source":"https://kashmirlife.net/new-electricity-rates-to-apply-across-jammu-kashmir-from-september-1-448635/","estimate":false},{"id":"P06","cat":"Energy","name":"ToD tariff","value":"Time-of-day surcharge (reported 20%) for commercial loads above 10 kW","role":"HV","source":"https://kashmirdespatch.com/jk-electricity-bills-to-rise-from-september-1-as-jerc-approves-6-83-tariff-hike/","estimate":false},{"id":"P07","cat":"Energy","name":"Power cuts","value":"Winter curtailment schedules in Kashmir (4–8 h/day in Dec–Feb historically); generator cost for shops","role":"RE","source":"Est.: KPDCL winter schedules; metered areas get fewer cuts","estimate":true},{"id":"P08","cat":"Energy","name":"Commercial LPG 19 kg (J&K)","value":"₹2,951.50 (25 Oct 2026)","role":"HV","source":"https://www.goodreturns.in/lpg-price.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P09","cat":"Energy","name":"Petrol (J&K)","value":"₹104.13/litre (25 Oct 2026); Srinagar listed ₹107.97 in July 2026","role":"HV","source":"https://www.goodreturns.in/petrol-price.html","estimate":false},{"id":"P10","cat":"Prices","name":"Packet/loose milk","value":"about ₹60/L","role":"HV","source":"Est.: J&K Milk Producers (Snowcap) and Amul/Verka sold near plains prices plus freight; loose milk ₹55–65","estimate":true},{"id":"P11","cat":"Prices","name":"Cup of tea, T2 (Jammu)","value":"₹15; noon chai/kahwa ₹20–50 in Kashmir","role":"HV","source":"Est.: local pricing; kahwa is a different product","estimate":true},{"id":"P12","cat":"Prices","name":"Simple meal, T2","value":"₹120","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Rajma-chawal ₹80–120 in Jammu; Kashmiri non-veg meals higher","estimate":true},{"id":"P13","cat":"Prices","name":"Men's haircut","value":"₹100","role":"HV","source":"Est.: ₹80–150","estimate":true},{"id":"P14","cat":"Prices","name":"Bread loaf 400 g","value":"₹55","role":"HV","source":"Est.: branded loaf plus freight; Kashmiri bakers (kandur) sell girda/tsot ₹10–15","estimate":true},{"id":"P15","cat":"Licences","name":"J&K Shops & Establishments Act 1966 registration","value":"Registration with Labour Dept online; fee by headcount (nominal for small shops)","role":"PD","source":"Est.: Act still in force in the UT after 2019 reorganisation; fees not verified","estimate":true},{"id":"P16","cat":"Licences","name":"Domicile and land","value":"Since 2019 non-domiciles may buy non-agricultural land; trade licences from municipal bodies (SMC/JMC)","role":"HV","source":"Est.: J&K Reorganisation and 2020 land-law changes","estimate":true},{"id":"P17","cat":"Tax","name":"Professional tax","value":"None currently collected (2017 J&K PT Act not in operation, Est.)","role":"HV","source":"Est.: J&K enacted a professional tax in 2017 but collection was dropped; verify","estimate":true},{"id":"P18","cat":"Tax","name":"GST thresholds","value":"Goods ₹40 lakh, services ₹20 lakh (J&K opted for ₹40 lakh, verify)","role":"PD","source":"Est.: GST Council 2019 special-category options","estimate":true},{"id":"P19","cat":"Schemes","name":"Mission YUVA","value":"UT flagship enterprise programme delivered through banks: ₹1,826 crore disbursed to 32,665 borrowers by 7 Sep 2026","role":"PD","source":"https://entrepreneurloop.com/mission-yuva-jk-update/","estimate":false},{"id":"P20","cat":"Schemes","name":"Mission YUVA growth","value":"₹594 crore to 10,000+ entrepreneurs by Jan 2026","role":"PD","source":"https://m.greaterkashmir.com/article/banks-disburse-rs-594-crore-to-10000-entrepreneurs-under-mission-yuva-in-jk/466031","estimate":false},{"id":"P21","cat":"Festivals","name":"Eid ul-Fitr","value":"about 9–10 Mar 2027 (Ramzan from ~8 Feb): bakeries, meat, clothing peak; markets stay open late","role":"HV","source":"Est.: lunar calendar","estimate":true},{"id":"P22","cat":"Festivals","name":"Eid ul-Adha","value":"about 16–17 May 2027: sheep/goat trade peak","role":"HV","source":"Est.: lunar calendar","estimate":true},{"id":"P23","cat":"Festivals","name":"Herath (Mahashivratri) and Navreh","value":"6 Mar 2027 Herath for Kashmiri Pandits; Navroz 21 Mar","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Mahashivratri 6 Mar 2027 (https://patnapress.com/haridwar-kumbh-2027-bathing-dates-announced/)","estimate":true},{"id":"P24","cat":"Festivals","name":"Diwali (Jammu region)","value":"8 Nov 2026","role":"HV","source":"https://www.drikpanchang.com/festivals/diwali/diwali-date-time.html?year=2026","estimate":false},{"id":"P25","cat":"Festivals","name":"Amarnath Yatra","value":"about Jul–Aug 2027: lakhs of pilgrims via Jammu–Pahalgam/Baltal; langar and transport demand; tight security","role":"HV","source":"Est.: annual yatra","estimate":true},{"id":"P26","cat":"Seasons","name":"Tourist seasons (Kashmir)","value":"Tulip/spring Mar–Apr, summer May–Jul, Gulmarg snow Dec–Feb; Jammu/Katra pilgrim trade year-round","role":"HV","source":"Est.: tourism seasonality","estimate":true},{"id":"P27","cat":"Seasons","name":"Chillai Kalan","value":"21 Dec–31 Jan: harshest winter; footfall falls, heating and bakery demand up","role":"HV","source":"Est.: traditional 40-day winter period","estimate":true},{"id":"P28","cat":"Payments","name":"UPI national share","value":"86.8% of retail volume","role":"HV","source":"https://www.outlookbusiness.com/amp/story/news/upi-emerges-as-dominant-retail-payment-system-with-transaction-volume-share-at-87-careedge","estimate":false},{"id":"P29","cat":"Payments","name":"Digital share","value":"Srinagar/Jammu 50–65%; towns 30–45% (Est.); internet suspensions force cash","role":"HV","source":"Est.: shutdown history","estimate":true},{"id":"P30","cat":"Economy","name":"Per-capita GSDP","value":"₹2,06,189 (2025–26), ~0.8× India","role":"HV","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita","estimate":false},{"id":"P31","cat":"Economy","name":"Urbanisation","value":"27.4% urban (Census 2011, undivided state)","role":"HV","source":"https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables","estimate":false},{"id":"P32","cat":"Language","name":"Languages","value":"Official: Kashmiri, Dogri, Urdu, Hindi, English (2020 Act); Urdu signboards common in Kashmir, Dogri/Hindi in Jammu","role":"HV","source":"Est.: J&K Official Languages Act 2020","estimate":true},{"id":"P33","cat":"Risks","name":"Terror attack and tourism collapse","value":"After Pahalgam (Apr 2025) ~50 tourist sites closed; Valley visitors fell sharply then rebounded in 2026","role":"RE","source":"https://www.ucanews.com/news/kashmir-tourism-rebounds-after-conflict-driven-slump/113952","estimate":false},{"id":"P34","cat":"Risks","name":"Tourism data conflict","value":"Official claim of 1.77 crore visitors (whole UT) vs ~1 million Valley tourists in 2025","role":"HV","source":"https://m.greaterkashmir.com/article/tourism-holds-steady/477220","estimate":false},{"id":"P35","cat":"Risks","name":"Hartal / security shutdown and internet suspension","value":"Markets shut 1–7 days; mobile internet blocked; UPI fails","role":"RE","source":"Est.: J&K has the most internet shutdowns in India historically (SFLC.in)","estimate":true},{"id":"P36","cat":"Risks","name":"Highway closure (NH-44 Jammu–Srinagar)","value":"Snow, landslides or convoys close the road; Valley prices of fresh goods jump","role":"RE","source":"Est.: several closures each winter","estimate":true},{"id":"P37","cat":"Risks","name":"Floods","value":"Jhelum floods (Sept 2014) and Jammu-region floods (Aug–Sep 2025)","role":"RE","source":"Est.: ~1 in 5–10 years severe","estimate":true}]}