{"id":"id","country":"id","kind":"country","name":{"en":"Indonesia","local":"Indonesia"},"languages":["id","jv","su"],"currency":"IDR","symbol":"Rp","fxPerUsd":16700,"cities":{"T1":"Jakarta","T2":"Semarang","T3":"Purwokerto"},"basket":{"teaCup":5000,"simpleMeal":15000,"haircutMen":25000,"milkLitre":20000,"breadLoaf":18000,"unskilledDayWage":120000,"minWageMonthly":3680000,"shopRentSqftMonth":{"T1":20000,"T2":8000,"T3":3500},"electricityCommercialKwh":1444.7,"lpgCommercialCylinder":195000,"petrolLitre":10000},"tax":{"salesTax":"PPN 12% nominal (effective 11% on non-luxury goods via 11/12 tax base since Jan 2025); PKP (VAT) registration above Rp 4.8 billion turnover","smallBizThreshold":"PPh Final 0.5% of turnover up to Rp 4.8 billion/yr for individuals, PT Perorangan and cooperatives, now without time limit (PP 20/2026); individuals' first Rp 500 million/yr turnover tax-free","localLevies":"Regional PBJT (restaurant tax) 10% on food & beverage outlets above local turnover thresholds; retribusi for market stalls, waste, signage; informal 'uang keamanan'/parking levies"},"licences":[{"name":"NIB (Business Identification Number) via OSS-RBA","fee":"Free; online same day; low-risk micro firms need only NIB","authority":"Ministry of Investment / BKPM (OSS)","source":"Est.: PP 5/2021 risk-based licensing; NIB issuance is free"},{"name":"Halal certificate (food & beverage)","fee":"Free via SEHATI self-declare quota for micro firms; ≈ Rp 300,000–650,000 otherwise (estimate); mandatory for MSE food sellers from 17 Oct 2026","authority":"BPJPH (Halal Product Assurance Agency)","source":"Est.: PP 42/2024 moved the micro/small enterprise halal deadline to 17 Oct 2026; fees from BPJPH tariff decree, not re-checked"},{"name":"SPP-IRT (home-industry packaged food permit)","fee":"Free–low; issued by district health office after food safety training","authority":"Dinas Kesehatan (district)","source":"Est.: BPOM Reg. 22/2018"},{"name":"PT Perorangan (individual limited company)","fee":"≈ Rp 50,000 PNBP via AHU Online (estimate)","authority":"Ministry of Law (AHU)","source":"Est.: PP 8/2021 fee schedule"},{"name":"NPWP (tax ID; NIK used as NPWP)","fee":"Free","authority":"Directorate General of Taxes (DJP)","source":"Est.: PMK 112/2022 NIK-as-NPWP"},{"name":"Sertifikat Laik Higiene Sanitasi (restaurants/catering)","fee":"≈ Rp 0–500,000, varies by region (estimate)","authority":"Dinas Kesehatan","source":"Est.: Permenkes 14/2021"}],"festivals":[{"name":"Ramadan","dates2026_27":"about 8 Feb – 9 Mar 2027","effect":"Daytime warung sales fall; 'takjil' and iftar food stalls boom in late afternoon; Ramadan markets"},{"name":"Idul Fitri (Lebaran) and mudik","dates2026_27":"about 10–11 Mar 2027; collective leave a week around it","effect":"THR bonus (one month's wage) due H-7; peak spending before, then many warung shut 1–2 weeks as owners and staff go home; Jakarta empties"},{"name":"Idul Adha","dates2026_27":"about 16–17 May 2027","effect":"Livestock trade spikes; satay/food demand up"},{"name":"Nyepi (Bali)","dates2026_27":"March 2027 (Saka new year)","effect":"Bali shuts completely for 24 h; no trading, airport closed"},{"name":"Christmas / New Year and school holidays","dates2026_27":"late Dec 2026 – early Jan 2027","effect":"Tourist areas (Bali, Yogyakarta) peak; Jakarta quieter"},{"name":"Independence Day","dates2026_27":"17 Aug 2027","effect":"Neighbourhood festivities, flag and snack sales up"}],"seasons":[{"months":"Nov–Mar","what":"Rainy season: Jakarta floods (peak Jan–Feb) shut markets and cut supply; landslides inland"},{"months":"Apr–Oct","what":"Dry season: good trading weather, haze in Sumatra/Kalimantan some years"}],"payments":{"digitalShare":"QRIS accepted by tens of millions of micro merchants; e-wallets GoPay, OVO, DANA, ShopeePay common in cities, but warung and pasar sales still mostly cash (estimate 60–75% cash)","credit":"'Kasbon' tab credit for neighbours; arisan savings groups; KUR subsidised loans (6% p.a.) and fintech/pinjol lending"},"notes":"Indonesia's small-business economy is the warung: home-front shops, warteg food stalls, angkringan, kaki lima street carts, barbershops, tailors and phone-counter shops. Rules are light at the national level: a free online NIB is enough for low-risk micro firms, the 0.5% final turnover tax is now permanent for individuals (first Rp 500m tax-free), and VAT applies only above Rp 4.8bn. The big new obligation is mandatory halal certification for micro and small food sellers from 17 Oct 2026, with free self-declare quotas. Minimum wages vary enormously: Jakarta Rp 5.73m/month against Central Java towns around Rp 2.3–3.7m. Subsidised Pertalite (Rp 10,000/L) and 3 kg LPG keep fuel cheap, but access is being targeted. Ramadan and the Lebaran exodus dominate the trading year, and Bali has its own calendar (Nyepi, tourism seasonality). QRIS has made digital payment cheap (0% MDR for small micro transactions), but cash and kasbon remain common.","factors":[{"id":"P01","cat":"Wages","name":"UMP DKI Jakarta 2026","value":"Rp 5,729,876/month (+6.17%), applies across Jakarta","role":"HV","source":"https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20251226/12/1939732/daftar-ump-2026-tertinggi-dan-terendah-di-indonesia-jakarta-paling-atas","estimate":false},{"id":"P02","cat":"Wages","name":"UMP East Java / Bali 2026","value":"Jawa Timur Rp 2,446,881; Bali Rp 3,207,459 (+7.03%)","role":"HV","source":"https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20260108/12/1942811/lengkap-ini-daftar-ump-2026-di-38-provinsi-versi-kemnaker","estimate":false},{"id":"P03","cat":"Wages","name":"UMK Surabaya 2026","value":"≈ Rp 5.2–5.3m (2025: Rp 4,961,753 + ~6.5%)","role":"HV","source":"https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20251129/12/1932804/daftar-umk-jatim-2026-jika-cuma-naik-65-di-38-kabupaten-kota","estimate":true},{"id":"P04","cat":"Wages","name":"UMK Semarang 2026 (T2)","value":"≈ Rp 3.68m/month","role":"HV","source":"Est.: 2025 UMK Semarang ≈ Rp 3,454,827 × 1.065 (average 2026 rise under PP 49/2025)","estimate":true},{"id":"P05","cat":"Wages","name":"Wage rule basis","value":"PP 49/2025 on wages, signed 17 Dec 2025, effective 1 Jan 2026; average rise ~6.5%","role":"HV","source":"https://www.industry.co.id/read/152368/daftar-gaji-umrumk-2026-di-seluruh-indonesia-lengkap-38-provinsi","estimate":false},{"id":"P06","cat":"Wages","name":"Micro-business wage exemption","value":"Micro and small enterprises may pay below minimum wage by agreement (PP 36/2021); warung helpers ≈ Rp 1.5–2.5m + meals/lodging","role":"HV","source":"Est.: PP 36/2021 art. 36 and informal norms","estimate":true},{"id":"P07","cat":"Wages","name":"Casual day wage (Semarang)","value":"≈ Rp 100,000–150,000/day","role":"HV","source":"Est.: buruh harian rates in Central Java","estimate":true},{"id":"P08","cat":"Wages","name":"THR (religious holiday bonus)","value":"One month's wage for staff with 12+ months, due 7 days before the holiday","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Permenaker 6/2016","estimate":true},{"id":"P09","cat":"Rent","name":"Kios/ruko rent T1 Jakarta","value":"≈ Rp 20,000/sq ft/month (≈ Rp 200k/m²); usually paid yearly upfront","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Jakarta kios listings Rp 30–80m/yr for 15–30 m²","estimate":true},{"id":"P10","cat":"Rent","name":"Rent T2 Semarang / T3 Purwokerto","value":"≈ Rp 8,000 / 3,500 per sq ft/month; many warung run from home (zero rent)","role":"PD","source":"Est.: ~40% / 18% of Jakarta","estimate":true},{"id":"P11","cat":"Power","name":"PLN business tariff B-2 (6,600 VA–200 kVA)","value":"Rp 1,444.70/kWh; unchanged for Q4 2026","role":"HV","source":"https://journalarta.com/news/2026/10/12/tarif-listrik-pln-oktober-2026/","estimate":false},{"id":"P12","cat":"Power","name":"Small connections (≤ 5,500 VA)","value":"Most warung use household 900–2,200 VA meters at ≈ Rp 1,350–1,450/kWh prepaid tokens","role":"HV","source":"Est.: PLN household non-subsidised rates near Rp 1,444.70","estimate":true},{"id":"P13","cat":"Fuel","name":"Pertalite / Biosolar (subsidised)","value":"Rp 10,000 / Rp 6,800 per litre, unchanged Oct 2026","role":"HV","source":"https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/inews/5497711/daftar-harga-bbm-pertamina-20-oktober-2026--lengkap-pertalite-hingga-pertamax","estimate":false},{"id":"P14","cat":"Fuel","name":"Pertamax / Dexlite (non-subsidised)","value":"Pertamax Rp 15,950 (Java); Dexlite Rp 23,700 (raised Sep 2026)","role":"HV","source":"https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20261015/44/2012744/daftar-lengkap-harga-bbm-terbaru-15-oktober-2026-mana-yang-termurah","estimate":false},{"id":"P15","cat":"Fuel","name":"LPG: 3 kg subsidised vs 12 kg","value":"3 kg 'melon' ≈ Rp 19,000–23,000 (registered buyers, for households/micro); 12 kg ≈ Rp 195,000","role":"PD","source":"Est.: HET Rp 19,000 at agents in 2025; 12 kg Bright Gas ≈ Rp 192,000 in 2025","estimate":true},{"id":"P16","cat":"Prices","name":"Warteg/nasi rames meal","value":"≈ Rp 13,000–18,000 Semarang; Rp 18,000–25,000 Jakarta","role":"HV","source":"Est.: warteg prices 2025 + ~3% inflation","estimate":true},{"id":"P17","cat":"Prices","name":"Es teh / teh manis","value":"≈ Rp 4,000–6,000 at warung","role":"HV","source":"Est.: warung prices","estimate":true},{"id":"P18","cat":"Prices","name":"Men's haircut","value":"Pangkas rambut ≈ Rp 20,000–30,000; barbershop Rp 40,000–80,000","role":"HV","source":"Est.: market rates","estimate":true},{"id":"P19","cat":"Prices","name":"Milk and bread","value":"UHT milk 1 L ≈ Rp 20,000; white loaf (Sari Roti) ≈ Rp 17,000–19,000","role":"HV","source":"Est.: minimarket prices 2025","estimate":true},{"id":"P20","cat":"Prices","name":"Exchange rate","value":"≈ Rp 16,700/$","role":"HV","source":"Est.: rupiah traded Rp 16,300–17,000 through 2025–26; not checked for Oct 2026","estimate":true},{"id":"P21","cat":"Registration","name":"NIB via OSS","value":"Free, online, same day; low-risk micro needs NIB only","role":"PD","source":"Est.: PP 5/2021","estimate":true},{"id":"P22","cat":"Licence","name":"Mandatory halal certification for MSE food","value":"Deadline 17 Oct 2026; free SEHATI self-declare quota; sanctions from warnings to withdrawal","role":"PD","source":"Est.: PP 42/2024 (extension from 2024 to 2026)","estimate":true},{"id":"P23","cat":"Tax","name":"PPh Final 0.5% (UMKM)","value":"0.5% of turnover up to Rp 4.8bn, permanent for individuals/PT Perorangan/cooperatives (PP 20/2026); CV/PT lose it","role":"HV","source":"https://www.idnfinancials.com/id/news/64373/pemerintah-tegaskan-pajak-umkm-tidak-naik-pph-0-5-permanen","estimate":false},{"id":"P24","cat":"Tax","name":"Rp 500m tax-free turnover","value":"Individuals pay nothing on first Rp 500m turnover a year","role":"HV","source":"https://ikpi.or.id/djp-umumkan-tarif-pajak-umkm-05-berlaku-selamanya-untuk-wp-op-dan-pt-perorangan/","estimate":false},{"id":"P25","cat":"Tax","name":"VAT (PPN)","value":"12% nominal, 11% effective non-luxury; PKP above Rp 4.8bn","role":"PD","source":"Est.: UU HPP 7/2021 and PMK 131/2024","estimate":true},{"id":"P26","cat":"Levies","name":"PBJT restaurant tax","value":"10% regional tax on F&B outlets above local thresholds (UU HKPD 1/2022); small warung usually below","role":"HV","source":"Est.: UU 1/2022 caps PBJT at 10%","estimate":true},{"id":"P27","cat":"Payments","name":"QRIS","value":"MDR 0% for micro merchants on transactions ≤ Rp 500,000; 0.3% above (estimate)","role":"PD","source":"Est.: Bank Indonesia policy from Dec 2023","estimate":true},{"id":"P28","cat":"Payments","name":"Kasbon and arisan","value":"Tab credit for neighbours; arisan rotating savings fund stock","role":"PD","source":"Est.: common practice","estimate":true},{"id":"P29","cat":"Finance","name":"KUR micro loans","value":"Up to Rp 100m without collateral at 6% p.a. (subsidised)","role":"PD","source":"Est.: KUR 2025 scheme terms","estimate":true},{"id":"P30","cat":"Business types","name":"Common small businesses","value":"Warung kelontong, warteg, angkringan, kaki lima carts (bakso, gorengan), pangkas rambut, salon, penjahit (tailor), counter HP (phone repair/pulsa), laundry kiloan","role":"HV","source":"Est.: BPS/KemenKopUKM MSME categories and observation","estimate":true},{"id":"P31","cat":"Regional rules","name":"PKL (street vendor) zoning","value":"Satpol PP evicts vendors from sidewalks; designated PKL zones in cities","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Perda on public order, e.g. Jakarta Perda 8/2007","estimate":true},{"id":"P32","cat":"Regional rules","name":"Alcohol restrictions","value":"Minimarkets barred from selling beer (Permendag 6/2015); Aceh applies Sharia","role":"HV","source":"Est.: Permendag 6/2015, Aceh qanun","estimate":true},{"id":"P33","cat":"Regional rules","name":"Plastic bag bans","value":"Jakarta (Pergub 142/2019), Bali (Pergub 97/2018) ban single-use bags in shops/markets","role":"HV","source":"Est.: governor regulations","estimate":true},{"id":"P34","cat":"Climate","name":"Rainy season","value":"Nov–Mar; Jakarta flood peak Jan–Feb","role":"HV","source":"Est.: BMKG seasonal pattern","estimate":true},{"id":"P35","cat":"Festivals","name":"Lebaran closure","value":"Warung shut 1–2 weeks around Idul Fitri; THR boosts pre-Lebaran sales 1.5–2×","role":"HV","source":"Est.: seasonal pattern","estimate":true},{"id":"P36","cat":"Language","name":"Languages","value":"Bahasa Indonesia; Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese locally","role":"HV","source":"Est.: general reference","estimate":true},{"id":"P37","cat":"Demographics","name":"Income and urbanisation","value":"GDP/capita ≈ $5,000; ≈ 58% urban","role":"HV","source":"Est.: World Bank WDI order of magnitude","estimate":true},{"id":"P38","cat":"Risk","name":"Urban flood (Jakarta)","value":"Markets shut 1–5 days, stock loss","role":"RE","source":"Est.: Jan 2020 and recurring floods","estimate":true},{"id":"P39","cat":"Risk","name":"Earthquake / volcanic eruption","value":"Bali/Lombok/Java tourism and supply disruption","role":"RE","source":"Est.: Ring of Fire history","estimate":true},{"id":"P40","cat":"Risk","name":"3 kg LPG shortage","value":"Distribution changes caused queues (Feb 2025); warung fuel cost spikes","role":"RE","source":"Est.: Feb 2025 retail-sale restriction episode","estimate":true},{"id":"P41","cat":"Risk","name":"Satpol PP eviction","value":"Cart or stall removed, goods seized","role":"RE","source":"Est.: recurrent enforcement","estimate":true},{"id":"P42","cat":"Risk","name":"Protests / riots","value":"Aug 2025 nationwide protests closed shops in Jakarta and other cities","role":"RE","source":"Est.: Aug 2025 events","estimate":true},{"id":"P43","cat":"Risk","name":"Halal enforcement","value":"Uncertified food sellers face warnings after 17 Oct 2026","role":"RE","source":"Est.: PP 42/2024","estimate":true}],"regions":[{"id":"id-jakarta","name":"DKI Jakarta","why":"Highest UMP (Rp 5.73m), highest rents, plastic-bag ban, flood risk, strict PKL enforcement"},{"id":"id-bali","name":"Bali","why":"Tourism-driven prices and seasonality, Nyepi shutdown, plastic ban, tourist levy"},{"id":"id-east-java","name":"East Java (Surabaya)","why":"Low provincial UMP but Surabaya UMK ≈ Rp 5.2m+; large industrial city vs cheap rural kabupaten"},{"id":"id-west-java","name":"West Java (Bandung, Bekasi)","why":"Huge UMK spread (Bekasi/Karawang among highest, rural West Java lowest)"},{"id":"id-central-java","name":"Central Java","why":"Among the lowest minimum wages; dense warung/angkringan economy"},{"id":"id-yogyakarta","name":"DI Yogyakarta","why":"Low wages, student and tourist demand, angkringan culture"},{"id":"id-aceh","name":"Aceh","why":"Sharia law: no alcohol, dress and trading-hour rules during prayer times"}]}